Teaching the Montgomery Bus Boycott:
50 Years Later



The Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES) has selected Putting the Movement Back into Civil Rights Teaching as the core curriculum for its exhibition, 381 Days: The Montgomery Bus Boycott Story. The show will travel nationally for three years, opening in Montgomery, AL, in December 2005 (for the 50th anniversary of the Montgomery Bus Boycott).

Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr. are two most familiar faces of the Civil Rights Movement. Students learn from pre-school through high school that Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat and Martin Luther King, Jr. had a dream. We hope the country will honor the 50th anniversary of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the life of Rosa Parks by teaching a more complete history of this watershed event.

The disconnect between Rosa Parks' arrest and the boycott creates the illusion that it was a spontaneous response to Rosa Park's civil disobedience. This, however, discounts the strategic brilliance and courage of the African American community in Montgomery. It is critical for students to learn that 50,000 citizens had to sacrifice everyday for over a year to sustain the boycott and change the course of our history. Recognizing the citizens of Montgomery does not discount the actions of the politically astute Rosa Parks, but rather puts her in context of a greater social struggle for justice.

Please email us if you have any resources we can add to this section of the website.

Lessons

Montgomery Bus Boycott Mythbusters Quiz (DOC)
Quiz Answers (DOC)
This quiz, created by Teaching for Change, is designed for grades 6-12 and for professional development.

Role Play on the Bus Boycott (PDF)
A five part lesson for grades 7-12 helps students understand the challenges faced by the Montgomery Improvement Association as they worked to organize and sustain the boycott for 381 days. From Putting the Movement Back into Civil Rights Teaching. Handouts (PDF)

Dramatization of the Bus Boycott for First and Second Grade (PDF)
How to introduce the story of the boycott to young children.
From Putting the Movement Back into Civil Rights Teaching.

BROWDER v. GAYLE: The Women Before Rosa Parks from Teaching Tolerance
Learn about the legal battle that made the Montgomery Bus Boycott successful.

Women and the Civil Rights Movement
A presentation (PowerPoint) by Professor Elsa Barkley Brown, University of Maryland-College Park, on women in the Civil Rights Movement with a focus on transportation boycotts.

Montgomery Bus Boycott (DVD)
Teaching for Change produced a video of former SNCC member and teacher Maggie Donovan teaching a lesson on the Montgomery Bus Boycott to her elementary school students.

Resources

Books
Rosa by Nikki Giovanni. Beautifully illustrated, this is one of the only children's books that firmly places Rosa Parks within the context of the Movement, including the recent murder of Emmett Till and the organizing of Joanne Robinson and the Women's Political Council, E.D. Nixon, etc.
(Rosa is available from catalog)

Rosa Parks (A Trophy Chapter Book) is a children's book written by Eloise Greenfield and illustrated by Gil Ashby on the life of Rosa Parks. An excerpt reads: "How could one quite woman have started it [the Civil Rights Movement] all? This is her story."

 

She Would Not Be Moved, by best selling author Herb Kohl, is an updated and expanded publication on his original discussion on how this historical event is distorted and stripped down in our classrooms. With an introduction by Marian Wright Edelman, this book includes a contribution by Cynthia Brown on Septima Clark, Virginia Durr, and Rosa Parks. She Would Not Be Moved features a teacher's guide explaining how to evaluate textbooks written for young people, a resource guide to educational materials about Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement, and a dozen black-and-white photographs.

Daybreak of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott reverberates with the voices of those closest to the bus boycott, ranging from King and his inner circle, to Jo Ann Robinson and other women leaders who started the protest, to the maids, cooks, and other "foot soldiers" who carries out the struggle.

 

Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950's through the 1980's. In this monumental volume, Henry Hampton, creator and executive producer of the acclaimed PBS series Eyes on the Prize, and Steve Fayer, series writer, draw upon nearly one thousand interviews with civil rights activists, politicians, reporters, Justice Department officials, and hundreds of ordinary people who took part in the struggle, weaving fascinating narratives of the Civil Rights Movement told by the people who lived it.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson. Coretta Scott King writes of this book: "This invaluable first hand account of the historic Montgomery Bus Boycott, written by an important behind the scenes organizer, evokes the emotional intensity of the Civil Rights Struggle."

 

Putting the Movement Back into Civil Rights Teaching, which goes beyond the trivial pursuit of names and dates, has several lessons and readings that promote critical thinking and learning on the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks, and the citizens whose sacrifice and courage helped change the course of our history. The Smithsonian Institutions Traveling Exhibition Services (SITES) has selected this resource as the core curriculum for its exhibition, 381 Days: The Montgomery Bus Boycott Story.

Photos and Primary Documents

Smithsonian Institutions Traveling Exhibit: 381 Days. Visit this site to learn how to book the exhibit in your town and download a collection of photos on the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

For primary documents, such as the police report, fingerprint card, and bus illustration visit the National Archives and Records Administration.

The below primary documents are from the Alabama Department of Archives & History.

Code of the City of Montgomery

Montgomery Advertiser article 12/6/55

Montgomery Advertiser article 12/9/55

"Negroes' Most Urgent Needs"

"Western Union Telegram: Diamond Brothers"

Montgomery Advertiser article 4/26/56

"Integrated Bus Suggestions"

Performances and CD's

CD  This Land Is Your Land  
NAPPA 2003 Gold Award
Track #8  The Story of Claudette Colvin (7-10 yrs old, audio sample) by Awele Makeba.

I'm Not Getting On Until Jim Crow Gets Off (Download PDF)
Middle school audience, 75 min. 200-250 students max per performance
Contact: Awele Makeba
I'm Not Getting On Until Jim Crow Gets Off uses ethnographic theatre to examine the untaught history of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Based on oral histories, interviews, court transcripts, memoirs, and biographies, Awele Makeba portrays two teens and two women including 15-year-old Claudette Colvin, Mary Louise Smith, JoAnn Robinson, and Rosa Parks.

Rage Is Not A 1-Day Thing! The Untaught History of the Montgomery Bus Boycott
High school audience, 90 min. 300 students max; college/university no limit
Contact: Awele Makeba
Awele Makeba plays a dozen women, men and teenagers, including 15-year-old Claudette Colvin and JoAnn Robinson. Rage explores how heroism is daily, how courage is a simple matter of taking a stand according to your principles, and how ordinary people took direct action to achieve full citizenship, as well as have their humanity recognized. Awele's play is a story of hope that has enormous relevance today, especially to young people. Using oral histories, court transcripts, interviews by the playwright, and memoirs by participants, Rage challenges our collective memory fifty years after the fact.

Websites

www.civilrightsteaching.org (The official site of Putting the Movement Back into Civil Rights Teaching)

www.riversofchange.org "The world knows of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr and Mrs. Rosa Parks, but people know little about the events that propelled them to such fame and recognition. Rivers of Change: The Legacy of Five Unheralded Women in Montgomery and their Struggle for Justice and Dignity©” is about the struggles of five unknown women that were instrumental in starting and ending the Montgomery bus boycott. It is the story of women who reversed a U.S. Supreme Court decision." -- From the Rivers of Change site Introduction

381 Days: SITES
The Smithsonian Institutions Traveling Exhibition Service exhibit on the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Montgomery Bus Boycott: They Changed the World
Click here for video clips of civil rights pioneers as they explain the events surroundings the boycott, voices of the boycott, news articles, and more.

Teaching Tolerance, Freedom's Main Line
Learn how activists in Louisville, Kentucky successfully campaigned against segregated streetcars in this excerpt from the Teaching Tolerance curriculum kit "A Place at the Table."

Anti Defamation League (ADL)Honors the Life and Achievements of Rosa Parks

The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute

Visit this site for a daily announcement about the boycott called "On this day fifty years ago" and other materials.

Rosa Parks Eulogy Transcripts
From Democracy Now

 
 



 

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