|
Teaching the Montgomery Bus Boycott:
50 Years Later
The
Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES) has
selected Putting the Movement Back into Civil Rights Teaching
as the core curriculum for its exhibition, 381
Days: The Montgomery Bus Boycott Story. The show will travel
nationally for three years, opening in Montgomery, AL, in December
2005 (for the 50th anniversary of the Montgomery Bus Boycott).
Rosa
Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr. are two most familiar faces of
the Civil Rights Movement. Students learn from pre-school through
high school that Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat and Martin
Luther King, Jr. had a dream. We hope the country will honor the
50th anniversary of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the life of Rosa
Parks by teaching a more complete history of this watershed event.
The
disconnect between Rosa Parks' arrest and the boycott creates the
illusion that it was a spontaneous response to Rosa Park's civil
disobedience. This, however, discounts the strategic brilliance
and courage of the African American community in Montgomery. It
is critical for students to learn that 50,000 citizens had to sacrifice
everyday for over a year to sustain the boycott and change the course
of our history. Recognizing the citizens of Montgomery does not
discount the actions of the politically astute Rosa Parks, but rather
puts her in context of a greater social struggle for justice.
Please
email us if
you have any resources we can add to this section of the website.
Lessons
Montgomery
Bus Boycott Mythbusters Quiz (DOC)
Quiz Answers (DOC)
This quiz, created by Teaching for Change, is designed for grades
6-12 and for professional development.
Role
Play on the Bus Boycott (PDF)
A five part lesson for grades 7-12 helps students understand the
challenges faced by the Montgomery Improvement Association as they
worked to organize and sustain the boycott for 381 days. From Putting
the Movement Back into Civil Rights Teaching.
Handouts
(PDF)
Dramatization
of the Bus Boycott for First and Second Grade (PDF)
How to introduce the story of the boycott to young children.
From Putting the Movement Back into Civil Rights
Teaching.
BROWDER
v. GAYLE: The Women Before Rosa Parks from Teaching
Tolerance
Learn about the legal battle that made the Montgomery Bus Boycott
successful.
Women
and the Civil Rights Movement
A presentation (PowerPoint) by Professor Elsa Barkley Brown, University
of Maryland-College Park, on women in the Civil Rights Movement
with a focus on transportation boycotts.
Montgomery Bus Boycott (DVD)
Teaching for Change produced a video of former SNCC member and teacher Maggie Donovan teaching a lesson on the Montgomery Bus Boycott to her elementary school students.
Resources
Books
Rosa
by Nikki Giovanni. Beautifully illustrated, this is one of the only
children's books that firmly places Rosa Parks within the context
of the Movement, including the recent murder of Emmett Till and
the organizing of Joanne Robinson and the Women's Political Council,
E.D. Nixon, etc.
(Rosa is available from catalog)
Rosa
Parks (A Trophy Chapter Book) is a children's book written
by Eloise Greenfield and illustrated by Gil Ashby on the life of
Rosa Parks. An excerpt reads: "How could one quite woman have
started it [the Civil Rights Movement] all? This is her story."
She
Would Not Be Moved, by best selling author Herb Kohl, is an
updated and expanded publication on his original discussion on how
this historical event is distorted and stripped down in our classrooms.
With an introduction by Marian Wright Edelman, this book includes
a contribution by Cynthia Brown on Septima Clark, Virginia Durr,
and Rosa Parks. She Would Not Be Moved features a teacher's
guide explaining how to evaluate textbooks written for young people,
a resource guide to educational materials about Rosa Parks and the
Civil Rights Movement, and a dozen black-and-white photographs.
Daybreak
of Freedom: The Montgomery Bus Boycott reverberates with the
voices of those closest to the bus boycott, ranging from King and
his inner circle, to Jo Ann Robinson and other women leaders who
started the protest, to the maids, cooks, and other "foot soldiers"
who carries out the struggle.
Voices
of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the
1950's through the 1980's. In this monumental volume, Henry
Hampton, creator and executive producer of the acclaimed PBS series
Eyes on the Prize, and Steve Fayer, series writer, draw upon nearly
one thousand interviews with civil rights activists, politicians,
reporters, Justice Department officials, and hundreds of ordinary
people who took part in the struggle, weaving fascinating narratives
of the Civil Rights Movement told by the people who lived it. 
The
Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The Memoir
of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson. Coretta Scott King writes of this
book: "This invaluable first hand account of the historic Montgomery
Bus Boycott, written by an important behind the scenes organizer,
evokes the emotional intensity of the Civil Rights Struggle."
Putting
the Movement Back into Civil Rights Teaching,
which goes beyond the trivial pursuit of names and dates, has several
lessons and readings that promote critical thinking and learning
on the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks, and the citizens whose
sacrifice and courage helped change the course of our history. The
Smithsonian Institutions Traveling Exhibition Services (SITES) has
selected this resource as the core curriculum for its exhibition,
381 Days: The Montgomery Bus Boycott
Story.
Photos
and Primary Documents
Smithsonian
Institutions Traveling Exhibit: 381 Days. Visit this site to
learn how to book the exhibit in your town and download a collection
of photos on the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
For
primary documents, such as the police report, fingerprint card,
and bus illustration visit the National
Archives and Records Administration.
The below primary documents are from the Alabama Department of Archives
& History.
Code
of the City of Montgomery
Montgomery
Advertiser article 12/6/55
Montgomery
Advertiser article 12/9/55
"Negroes'
Most Urgent Needs"
"Western
Union Telegram: Diamond Brothers"
Montgomery
Advertiser article 4/26/56
"Integrated
Bus Suggestions"
Performances
and CD's
CD
This Land Is Your Land
NAPPA 2003 Gold Award
Track #8 The Story of Claudette Colvin (7-10 yrs old, audio
sample) by Awele Makeba.
I'm
Not Getting On Until Jim Crow Gets Off (Download PDF)
Middle school audience, 75 min. 200-250 students max per performance
Contact: Awele Makeba
I'm Not Getting On Until Jim Crow Gets Off uses ethnographic theatre
to examine the untaught history of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Based
on oral histories, interviews, court transcripts, memoirs, and biographies,
Awele Makeba portrays two teens and two women including 15-year-old
Claudette Colvin, Mary Louise Smith, JoAnn Robinson, and Rosa Parks.
Rage
Is Not A 1-Day Thing! The Untaught History of the Montgomery Bus
Boycott
High school audience, 90 min. 300 students max; college/university
no limit
Contact: Awele Makeba
Awele Makeba plays a dozen women, men and teenagers, including 15-year-old
Claudette Colvin and JoAnn Robinson. Rage explores how heroism is
daily, how courage is a simple matter of taking a stand according
to your principles, and how ordinary people took direct action to
achieve full citizenship, as well as have their humanity recognized.
Awele's play is a story of hope that has enormous relevance today,
especially to young people. Using oral histories, court transcripts,
interviews by the playwright, and memoirs by participants, Rage
challenges our collective memory fifty years after the fact.
Websites
www.civilrightsteaching.org
(The official site of Putting the Movement Back
into Civil Rights Teaching)
www.riversofchange.org
"The world
knows of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr and Mrs. Rosa Parks, but people
know little about the events that propelled them to such fame and
recognition. Rivers of Change: The Legacy of Five Unheralded Women
in Montgomery and their Struggle for Justice and Dignity©”
is about the struggles of five unknown women that were instrumental
in starting and ending the Montgomery bus boycott. It is the story
of women who reversed a U.S. Supreme Court decision."
-- From the Rivers of Change site Introduction
381
Days: SITES
The Smithsonian Institutions Traveling Exhibition Service exhibit
on the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Montgomery
Bus Boycott: They Changed the World
Click here for video clips of civil rights pioneers as they explain
the events surroundings the boycott, voices of the boycott, news
articles, and more.
Teaching
Tolerance, Freedom's Main Line
Learn how activists in Louisville, Kentucky successfully campaigned
against segregated streetcars in this excerpt from the Teaching
Tolerance curriculum kit "A Place at the Table."
Anti
Defamation League (ADL)Honors the Life and Achievements of Rosa
Parks
The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute
Visit this site for a daily announcement about the boycott called
"On this day fifty years ago" and other materials.
Rosa
Parks Eulogy Transcripts
From Democracy Now
|